Transmission impedance control impacts on carbon emissions and renewable energy curtailment

The electric power grid has evolved significantly over the past two decades in response to climate change. Increased levels of renewable energy generation, as a prominent feature this evolution, have led new congestion patterns transmission network. system is originally designed for conventional sources, with predictable flow patterns. Insufficient transfer capability congested systems results commitment more expensive plants and higher curtailment. One way mitigate adoption control through variable-impedance flexible ac (FACTS) devices. In paper impacts on generation cost, carbon emissions curtailment are studied under wide range scenarios, including mix from major US regional organizations, different load curves, representing seasonal variations. A two-stage stochastic unit commitment, FACTS adjustment, used evaluate devices various types penetration energy. show that installation effectively reduces emissions, Location resources, peak-hour demand system's among influential factors.